Definition and Examples of Verbiage in English

Definition and Examples of Verbiage in English Definition Verbiage is the utilization of a larger number of words than should be expected to viably pass on importance in discourse or composing: longwindedness. Appear differently in relation to compactness. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary characterizes verbiage as [s]uperfluous plenitude of words, dull composition absent much by way of importance, inordinate tedium, verbosity. See Examples and Observations beneath. Additionally observe: AcademeseBafflegabBattologyBloviationBomphiologiaCampaign to Cut the Clutter: Zinssers BracketsLiterature and the Schoolmam, by H.L. MenckenOn Sadlers Bombastic Declamations, by Thomas Babington MacaulayOverwritingPadding (Composition)Purple ProseThe Style of Woodrow, by H.L. Mencken EtymologyFrom the Old French, to chatterâ Models and Observations What I fear is: verbiage.(Joseph Conrad, letter to Hugh Walpole, December 2, 1902)It is a midden and a criminal frequent and stuffed to the gills each split-up low beguiling house and rear entryway with footpads and coiners and sprinters of poor ladies, with uncertificated pox-specialists and feline gut spinners, with tripe-traders and talk mongers and bunny reproducers and slaughterers of the tranquility of the Lord. For what reason should your sibling lodge there, Claffey? Would he be able to not come here to us at Cockspur Street?He may do that yet, Claffey said.As for the man you call Sligdoes he not keep that scandalous basement where we held up when we were newly arrived?By the trickling blood of Christ! Vance said. I am tired of your verbiage. Slig is a sworn sibling of mine. Slig gave you straw and an asylum for fourpence. Notorious basement? It was a typical sort of basement. I let you know, OBrienit was acceptable, of its kind.Sick of my verbiage? the Giant said. Tired of m y accounts, also?I leave them to the animals that need soothing.(Hilary Mantel, The Giant, OBrien. Henry Holt, 1998) Overabundance Verbiage-Dont bore your crowd with abundance verbiage: be succinct.(Sharon Weiner-Green and Ira K. Wolf, How to Prepare for the GRE, sixteenth ed. Barrons Educational Series, 2005)- Using overabundance with verbiage is excess. Verbiage without anyone else implies tedium or an overabundance of words. In this manner, you could state that the expression overabundance verbiage is verbiage.(Adrienne Robins, The Analytical Writer: A College Rhetoric, second ed. University Press, 1996)- Part of the multifaceted nature of the issue with verbosity, tedium and abundance verbiage originates from the normal inclination for unique individuals to utilize such a large number of extra superfluous words that are unquestionably not expected to make the genuine clearness of the particular correspondence precious stone clear.Lets rework that sentence, removing the verbiage: Verbosity is the utilization of a greater number of words than should be expected for clear correspondence. Weve gone from 45 words to 12.(Timothy R. V. Encourage, Better Business Writing. Kogan Page, 2002) Euphemisms and VerbiageEuphemisms are not, the same number of youngsters figure, pointless verbiage for that which can and ought to be said obtusely; they resemble mystery specialists on a fragile crucial, should airily pass by a smelling meddle with scarcely to such an extent as a gesture of the head. Doublespeaks are undesirable realities wearing discretionary cologne.(Quentin Crisp, Manners from Heaven, 1984) Stylistic Verbiage[A] trademark fixing in all epideictic speech and writing [is] the open door it manages the rhetor for self-show. . . . Be that as it may, this equivalent open door for self-show risks deliquescing into uncouth acting skill, bogus presenting, empty crypticness, void verbiage, minor rhetoricas it does in the Roman time frame known as the Second Sophistic, and does again in [Robert] Frosts most fragile sonnets (wafer barrel insight, cunning incidental data; to some high moderns the ordure of the standard). This remaining parts a standing impulse to any epideictic rhetor and imprints an extraordinary good ways from epideictics unique worry with the strength of the community polity.(Walter Jost, Epiphany and Epideictic: The Low Modernist Lyric in Robert Frost. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Blackwell, 2004) The Lighter Side of VerbiageStubb: Took you sufficiently long, you vacillating dolt! Weve been hanging tight in that swamp for such a long time, Ill be pulling leeches off me under parts for ages!Jack Sparrow: Ah Stubb, your verbiage consistently evokes such an exquisite image.(Stephen Stanton and Johnny Depp in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow, 2006) Articulation: VUR-honey bee ij Substitute Spellings: verbage (for the most part viewed as a blunder)

Lewis Carroll Essay -- Lewis Carroll Biography Biographies Essays

Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll is a notable and discussed writer, whose compositions have worked up much contention. His work has roused polling form, manikin appears, and even music recordings. (Vink). Lewis Carroll is a remarkable English author on account of his experience, his position in English writing, and his numerous works, for example, his novel, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† â€Å"‘Lewis Carroll,’ as he was to get known, was conceived on January 27, 1832 (Leach 1). He was raised on a parsonage that was situated in a cornfield. The family even raised animals to enhance their pay. Carroll was the most established of four young men and seven young ladies. He alluded to his mom as â€Å"‘one of the best and gentlest ladies that ever lived,’ furthermore, was eminent for the vitality with which she ran the household.† ( Carpenter and Prichard 97). She showed every one of her kids at home while they were youthful. His dad was an appointed minister. It was in 1843 when Carroll was eleven, the family moved to Yorkshire. This was a much progressively rewarding living course of action; truth be told, the house was â€Å"... so large that Mr. Dodgson was capable to discover room on the reason for a school holding about [sixty] children† (97). At twelve, Carroll was sent to sentence structure school at Richmond where he was upbeat and hard- working. Be that as it may, after two years he was sent on to a little non-public school at Rugby, where he was clearly harassed. Something he composed a couple of years after the fact stirred the doubt that he may have experienced some type of sexual maltreatment while at Rugby, however this is just a hypothesis. â€Å"He left Rugby toward the finish of 1849 and ...went on in January 1851 to Oxford: to his father’s old school, Christ Church† (Leach 2). After just two days, he needed to get back in light of the fact that â€Å"his mother had kicked the bucket of ‘Inflammation of the Brain’†maybe meningitis or a stroke †at the period of forty-seven† (2) This didn't appear to occupy Carroll much or in the event that it did it didn't appear, for he returned directly back to Oxford where â€Å"the following year he accomplished a first in Honor Controls, and was designated to a Studentship (2). He later won the Christ Church Numerical Lectureship that he held for twenty-six years. â€Å"The pay was acceptable yet the work exhausted him† (2). â€Å"He became elder of the Church of England in 1861 however decided not to go further† ( Bla... ...e in which numerous pages from his journal were absent. A long time later after Alice was hitched, Carroll sent her a letter that read, â€Å"I’ve had scores of kid companions yet they have been a significant diverse thing† (Vink). It was six years after Carroll composed Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland that he chose to compose the spin-off of it called Through the Looking Glass. â€Å"The story depended on a chess game which is accepted by some that is speaks to Alice turning out to be as grown-up and when Alice wins the chess game, Carroll loses Alice† (Vink). Unquestionably, Lewis Carroll is genuinely an exceptional English essayist because of his experience, his situation in English writing, and his numerous works, including his novel, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† One pundit had this to state about Lewis Carroll: He had a skill for having the option to make the most established individual feel as though he/she was seven and a half, and following a hare, or some other creature that individuals consider when they see, or hear the words, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† What they don't consider are the peculiarities Lewis Carroll put such a great amount of thought into while composing the book (www.studyworld.com).

Hill, Daniel Harvey

Hill, Daniel Harvey Hill, Daniel Harvey, 1821â€"89, Confederate general in the American Civil War, b. York District, S.C. He served in the Mexican War but resigned from the army in 1849. He was professor of mathematics at Washington College (now Washington and Lee Univ.; 1849â€"54) and at Davidson College (1854â€"59) and superintendent of the North Carolina Military Institute (1859â€"61). At the beginning of the Civil War, Hill commanded the 1st North Carolina Regiment and soon became Confederate major general. His division rendered distinguished service at Fair Oaks in the Peninsular campaign , in the Seven Days battles , and at South Mt. in the Antietam campaign (1862). In 1863, Hill commanded the Dist. of North Carolina, defended Richmond when Robert E. Lee was conducting the Gettysburg campaign, and fought under Braxton Bragg at Chickamauga in the Chattanooga campaign. With others of Bragg's subordinates he petitioned Jefferson Davis to remove that general from command, but Davis, favoring Br agg, removed Hill himself. He then had no active command until the last days of the war, when he fought at Bentonville, N.C. After the war he settled in Charlotte, N.C., where he established a monthly magazine and a weekly newspaper. He was president of the Univ. of Arkansas (1877â€"84) and of the Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College (1886â€"89). See D. S. Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants (3 vol., 1942â€"44); biography by L. H. Bridges (1961). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens - 1160 Words

Charles Dickens began writing the famous story â€Å"A Christmas Carol† in October 1843 and wrote excitedly during the next six weeks. He completed the narrative at the end of November so that it could be published by the time it was Christmas. It came out on December 17, 1843 and sold out in only three days (Molly Oldfield). The expression â€Å"Bah! Humbug†, a line repeated many times in the story by its main character, a miserable and bitter fellow by the name of Ebenezer Scrooge, has become a well-known phrase even today. The story takes place in and around the city of London and begins on Christmas Eve, continues through Christmas Day, and ends the morning after Christmas in 1843. At the beginning of the story, Scrooge hates Christmas and happiness and was very greedy. Then a trio of spirits, the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Future (who was also known as the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come), haunts him and shows him the wrongfulness of his doings. The the me of this Christmas story is compassion and forgiveness. It shows that a person’s life will be empty, lonely, and sad if he or she does not care about others. It also shows what happens when people are unforgiving towards each other. Relationships are broken when people do not forgive each other. The story, â€Å"A Christmas Carol†, has been made into a play and a movie with some similarities and differences in the roles of the characters, conflict, climax, and resolution between the two mediums. In the play version ofShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens and A Christmas Carol1613 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens and A Christmas Carol: Famed British author, Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. He was the second of eight children, living in a poor neighborhood in London. His parents were John Dickens, a naval clerk, who always lived beyond his means. Married to his mother Elizabeth Dickens, who aspired to be a teacher and a school director. Dickens went to William Giles’ school in Chatham, Kent, for approximately one year before his father’s money habitsRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1139 Words   |  5 Pages The book I have chosen is A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. It has been rewrote few times but I wanted to pick the author that started it all. Charles John Huffman Dickens lived from February 7th,1812 – June 9th,1970 making him 58 when he died. He was buried Westminster Abbey. His mother and father were John and Elizabeth Dickens. He had seven siblings four brothers and three sisters. During his life he was married to his wife Catherine Dickens from 1836 to the day he died. Together they hadRead MoreA Christmas Carol (Charles Dickens)1144 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Dickens believed it was up to him to inform the people of Britain of the social problems occurring around Britain. While Dickens was a young man, he suffered from poverty along with his mother and father. His father was imprisoned for dept and Charles wanted to become a social reformer. Dickens used these problems as themes for his book ‘A Christmas Carol. These themes involve poverty, pollution and a c hanging of ways. Dickens used Scrooge, the main character in the book at first to showRead MoreCharles Dickens A Christmas Carol Essay922 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Bah, humbug!† This well-known phrase is popular thanks to Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol. In this literary classic, Dickens tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a â€Å"tight fisted...covetous old sinner† (12). Through a series of hauntings by various Christmas ghosts, Scrooge realizes the error of his ways and changes completely into a warm-hearted, generous man. Scrooge’s tale is a familiar one; countless movies have been filmed, plays have been produced, and references made in other storiesRead MoreCharles Dickens A Christmas Carol1316 Words   |  6 PagesIt can be easily depicted that Christmas is a time of the year to share joyfulness. In Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge is a character that is effortlessly described as a hardheaded cold man. It is s imple to judge the character of Scrooge in this manner, but it is important to recognize the change in his personality throughout the story. Scrooge’s transformation happens very quickly, but he becomes generous and caring only when he is forced to see himself through a stranger’sRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1293 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Dickens presents many short stories and novels. He is greatly known for his short fiction and later theater play, â€Å"A Christmas Carol†. In one short story, a reader could describe it as Charles â€Å"other† Christmas story, an elderly narrator reminisce of holiday past. There is a range of appeal in the story itself from comforting memories of loved toys to leaving the reader with an eerie feeling of various childhood haunts. The reader’s analysis of Dickens use of vivid detail together with hisRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1331 Words   |  6 PagesChristy Mak 12/21/15 Period three Scrooge Changes In the story, A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens, Scrooge is the main character. In the beginning of the story, he is shown as an old miser counting and gripping his money in the counting house. Later on, Scrooge’s dead business partner, Marley, has visited Scrooge from the grave while being bounded in chains to warn Scrooge to change his ways or suffer the same fate. Soon, three ghosts are sent to visit Scrooge to show him scenes thatRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens914 Words   |  4 PagesFew characters in Christmas literature personify the antithesis of the season like Ebenezer Scrooge. Penned in 1843, Charles Dickens classic, A Christmas Carol has been told and retold. It has become a fixture of the season. So ingrained in our culture, is this story, that everyone knows the name Scrooge and the negative connotation that accompanies it. But what if, instead of just a cranky old miser, Ol Ebenezer Scrooge was more of a rather observant social commenta tor? In order to defendRead MoreThe Life Of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol1062 Words   |  5 Pageslasted from 1832 to 1901 under Queen Victoria’s reign. The culture revealed in this era was a time of rapid change, social inequality, industrialization, supernatural and religious beliefs, and was accurately reflected in the works of Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol. Roles of men and women were strictly defined, as were economic statuses. The hustle and bustle of the streets led to illnesses. Working conditions were destitute and unsanitary. Children often had little to no education, unless veryRead More A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens In this essay I intend to write about Ebenezer Scrooge who is the key character of the astonishing novel written by Charles Dickens one of greatest English novelist of he Victorian period. He wrote and published ‘a Christmas carol’ in 1843. Charles Dickens’s also well know stories such as ‘Oliver twist’. Dickens was born on the 2nd February 1812 in London port Hampshire. He moved from his birth place to Chatham where he received little education

Literary Analysis - the Road Not Taken Essay - 703 Words

  The Road Not Taken† Robert Frosts poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† describes a traveler faced with a choice of which one of two roads to travel. He knows not where either road might lead. In order to continue on his journey, he can pick only one road. He scrutinizes both roads for the possibilities of where they may take him in his travels. Frosts traveler realizes that regret is inevitable. Regardless of his choice, he knows that he will miss the experiences he might have encountered on the road not taken. Images in the poem reflect the difficulties of the choice the traveler faces. The difficulty is shown in the passage long I stood (3)†¦show more content†¦He predicts that he will always remember this moment of choice and will be telling it with a sigh (16) when he is old. His choice will have made all the difference (20) and affected his whole journey. Frost creates a tone of inevitability that no matter what the choice, there will always be regret. Frost presents the travelers choice of paths as a metaphor for the difficult decisions a person must make in life. The divergent paths are the choices to be made at various points along the way. Regardless of how he tries, the traveler cannot see beyond where the path is bent in the undergrowth (5). Likewise, nobody can predict what effect one choice will have on his life. The traveler sees the two paths as very similar or just as fair (6). As much as the traveler would like to return to the diverging roads, he realizes that he will not get another chance to travel the other path. With maturity comes a resignation that a choice has affected a persons life and there is no going back. He also tries to make the best of his decision by saying that it has made all the difference. (20). In The Road Not Taken, images of the bright woods and wide open opportunity to choose are contrasted with the indecision and regret of only being able to travel one path. Word choice and a slight sorrowful tone reinforce the theme of regret. Frost presents divergent roads as a metaphor for the choices a person must make in life. The travelers rueful resignation thatShow MoreRelatedA Literary Analysis Of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken889 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s The Road Not Taken: A Literary Analysis The works of Robert Frost have many identifiable primary ideas that have been studied for generations. Some of these are the New England dialect, a firm grasp on the use of nature and most important in this analysis, decision making and self reliance. Frost has a knack and does a masterful job at aligning his poetry with his 19th century predecessors and being straightforward with his love for nature and his ability to focus on the human conditionRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Emily Dickinsons The Road Not Taken759 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the occurrence of multiple options is demonstrated perfectly in Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost introduces this when he pities how he could not take both of the roads he comes upon: I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood And I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. (16-20) An image of two diverging roads assists this work because it conveys how the mind of a human faces options. Furthermore, symbolizingRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken563 Words   |  2 PagesRobert Frost’s The Road Not Taken Analysis The poem seems to make a reader think about the decisions they make in life and the cause-n-effect behind their decisions. Initially the poem seems to have a motivational tone to it, but after reading and thinking on it, it magnifies the fear most people have when it is time to make a decision; afraid of making the wrong decision and having to live with that decision. In the first stanza, Mr. Robert Frost’s poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, tells the story ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is aboutRead MoreThe Road Not Taken Analysis987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Road Not Taken Analysis The Road Not Taken is a poem written by Robert Frost. This poem is a great candidate to be one of the world s best and this analysis will unveil why it is so. The poetic devices used in the poem bring forth its deeper meaning which ultimately resonates with the reader s emotions. However not only this poem is great because of the literary experience it gives but it is also beautiful on a simple structural level. First lets look at the structural aspectRead MoreJourney Symbolism in Literature1672 Words   |  7 PagesENG125 AU 2011 Holly Wilcox English 125 4/10/2011 Ashford University This analysis will critically analyze the symbolism of journey-and its literary importance- between â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"I Used to Live Here†. This critical paper chose to write itself upon symbolism’s journeys within literature. The tales chose are from â€Å"I used to Live Here† (Rhys) as well as â€Å"The Road Not Taken† (Frost). The choice in comparative analysis is due to how they both swim in a sea of metaphorical symbolism. TheRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1257 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Analysis on â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Why is it so common for people to regret the path they have chosen in life? Robert Frost attempts to answer this question throughout the poem by using many literary devices. In other terms, the poet is alluding to a lesson in everyones life; Once a path is being determined, it is inevitable to change the choices because they are in the past. The poet uses imagery to create a visual picture in the readers head of two paths in the woods with the freedomRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost And Death, Be Not Proud798 Words   |  4 PagesAshlyn Brown Angela Ivey AP Literature and Composition 22 April 2015 Poetic Analysis â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost and â€Å"Death, be not proud† by John Donne are two poems with different meanings but share one of many of the same themes. Although the poems share different meanings as a whole, the reader can conclude the same common theme from both of these poems. Even though the reader may think the poems lack a same common theme, the theme is revealed by the end of both these poems. TheseRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhile gazing at the farmland on the rural outskirts of Derry, NH, Robert Frost created an American masterpiece. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, is a dynamic and deep poem orchestrated to perfection. However, equal to its acclaim, is the misunderstanding of the poem. A piece of literature of this stature deserves to be under the microscope of our classes critical discussions. I believe that the time would be beneficial to everyone. Giving a breath of fresh air to a poem that has been a bused by Hallmark cardsRead MoreWilliam Stafford â€Å"Traveling Through the Dark† Robert Frost â€Å"the Road Not Taken†1432 Words   |  6 PagesIsmael Gonzalez Professor Edwards February 24, 2013 William Stafford â€Å"Traveling Through the Dark† amp; Robert Frost â€Å"The Road Not Taken† In Robert Frost â€Å"The Road Not Taken† we can see how many different aspects of life decision making comes in the form of symbolisms. â€Å"Two roads diverge in a yellow wood. And sorry I couldn’t not travel both† This showing use how unwilling the character is of not making a right decision, this is centered on how life can come with certain choices one must make

Math Portfolio Ib Circles Free Essays

MATHS PORTFORLIO SL TYPE I CIRCLES ? In this portfolio I am investigating the positions of points in intersecting circles. (These are shown on the following page. The following diagram shows a circle C1 with centre O and radius r, and any point P. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Portfolio Ib Circles or any similar topic only for you Order Now The circle C2 has centre P and radius OP. Let A be one of the points of intersection of C1 and C2. Circle C3 has the centre A, and radius r. The point P? is the intersection of C3 with (OP). This is shown in the diagram below. As shown on the assignment sheet, r=OA. We therefore need to find the values of OP? hen r=OA=1 for the following of the values of OP: OP=2, OP=3 and OP=4. We first of all extract the triangle OPA from the above diagram and since we have the values for all the three sides we can finds the angle AOP which will later on help to get the value of length OP?. The circle C2 and triangle OPA are shown below with all side of OPA indicated. OP=AP since they are the radii of the same circle, C2. Having all the three sides, we can now calubulate the angle AOP using the cosine rule. Angle AOP is calculated below: Cos AOP=(2^(2 _ ) 2^(2 _ ) 1^2)/(-2? 2? 1) Cos AOP=0. 25 ? AOP =COS-10. 5 =75. 52248781 ?75. 5? Since we now having the triangle AOP, we can extract the triangle AOP? from the diagram shown on the previous page which in return will help us to find OP? using the sine rule. The triangle AOP? is shown below: O P For accuracy the value of angle AOP will be used as cos-10. 25 instead of 75. 5?. Since triangle AOP? is an isosceles triangle, AOP=AP? O=cos-10. 25. Therefore OAP? = (180-(2? cos-10. 25)). The calculation of the value of OP? is shown below: (OP? )/(sinOAP? )=(AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 0. 25) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 0. 5) op? = 1/sin? (0. 25) ? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 0. 25) ) op? =1/2 When OP=3, the triangle OPA and the calculation of OP? are as follows: Cos AOP = (3^2-3^2-1^2)/(-2? 3? 1) Cos AOP = 1/6 ? AOP = cos-1 1/6 =84. 4? From the triangle AOP? we can now calculate the length of OP? using the sine rule as before. The triangle AOP? and the calculator of OP? is shown below: A 16 OP’ AP? O=AOP? =cos-11/6 OAP? = (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/6) (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/6) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 1/6) op? = 1/sin? (1/6) ? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/6) ) = 1/3 When OP=4; Cos AOP =(4^2-4^2-1^2)/(-2? 4? 1) Cos AOP = 1/8 ? AOP =cos-1 1/8 =82. 4? Using the sine rule; (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/8) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 1/8) op? = 1/(sin? (? cos? ^(-1 ) 1/8))? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/8) ) = 1/4 When OP=2, OP? = 1/2;when OP=3 , OP? = 1/3 and when OP=4, OP? = 1/4 . This indicates that the value of OP? is dependent on the value of OP. In fact it is inversely proportional to the value of OP. To arrive at the value of OP? , 1 is divided by the value of OP. Therefore generally, the value of OP’ can be written as: OP=r/OP Moreover, from the values of OP? calculated above, it is observed that the value of OP? is twice Cos AOP. The general statement therefore can be written as: OP? = 2 Cos? Let OP=2. Find OP? when r=2, r=3 and r=4. Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Comment on whether or not this statement is consistent with your earlier statement. First of all we need to calculate the value of OP? when OP=2 and r=2. The triangle AOP now looks like as follows: A 22 1. 5P’ Since all the sides are of the same length, then AOP=APO=OAP=60Â ° (according to the angle sum of the triangle). The triangle AOP? is shown below from which OP? is found. A 22 O2P’ AO=AP? from the diagram given on the lab sheet, therefore AOP=APO=60Â °. The remaining angle OAP= (180-(2? 60)) = 60Â °. This then means that triangle AOP? is an equilateral triangle – all its sides are the same. ?AO=AP? =OP? =2 We now need to calculate the value of OP? when OP=2 and r=3. Below is the triangle AOP and the calculation of angle AOP. 22 3 Cos AOP = (2^2-2^2-3^2)/(-2? 2? 3) Cos AOP = 3/4 AOP = cos-1 3/4 = 41. 4Â ° Having calculated the value of angle AOP, we can now calculate the value of OP? from AOP? using the sine rule as shown below: A 33 O P? Angle OAP? = 180-(2 Cos? ^(-1) 3/4) (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 3/4) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 3/4) op? = 1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 3/4) ? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/8) ) =9/2=4. 5 The value of OP? is now calculated when OP=2 and r=4 using the same method as above. 22 O4P 44 P? Cos AOP = (2^2-2^2-4^2)/(-2? 2? 4) Cos AOP = 1 ? AOP = cos-1 1= 0 AOP? =AP? O=0 ?OAP? =180-(2? 0) = 180Â ° OP? 2= OA2+ AP? 2-2? OA? AP? Cos OAP? = 42+42-2? 4? 4 Cos 180Â ° = 64 OP? = v64 = 8 Below is the table for the vales of r, OP and OP’ when OP is kept constant. ROPOP’ 222 324. 5 428 When OP=2, OP? =2; when OP=3, OP? = ( 9)/2 and when OP=4, OP? =8. From these results it can be seen that the length OP? increases with the increasing length OP and the general statement for the variation in the values of OP? is as follows: OP? = r^2/OP. This general statement is not fully consistent with the first one because r/OP is not always equal to r^2/OP. When the above values are substituted into the first general statement, wrong values of OP? are obtained but the latter general statement holds for both data. However both the general statements hold true when r=1 since 12=1, which indicates that for this value of r, r^2/n=r/n. Use technology to investigate other values of r and OP. Find the general statement of OP?. I used GeoGebra to draw the intersecting circles with the values of r and OP stated and the values of OP? were automatically calculated. When r=1and OP=2 OP=0. 5 How to cite Math Portfolio Ib Circles, Essay examples

Tobacco Smoke Essays - Smoking, Tar, Sidestream Smoke,

Tobacco Smoke Did you know that most people are at the risk of dying from just breathing the air around them? Every day at least ninety-five percent of American people suffer from (E.T.S.) Environmental Tobacco Smoke, or more commonly known as second hand smoke. For those that are not familiar with what second hand smoke is let me explain it to you. Second hand smoke is a mixture of the smoke exhaled by smokers and the smoke that comes from the burning ends of cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. This smoke contains about 4,000 substances in which about fifty percent of these toxic substances can cause cancer and other bodily problems. Environmental Tobacco Smoke has been a problem for many years, but through intense research from many physicians, non-smokers are finally getting the respect they deserve. Smokers now have to smoke outside of public places. While some non-smokers ignore the dangers involved with tobacco smoke others are struggling to live another day. Environmental Tobacco Smoke is made up of both a gas phase and a particulate phase. Together they include more than 4,000 substances. Automatic tobacco-puffing machines have been invented to collect and to study the smoke. In recent years studies have shown us the most hazardous of these chemicals. Tar is considered the deadliest of all the substances. Other chemicals found in tobacco smoke that are hazardous to us are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carboxyhemoglobin, and nicotine (Mendelson and Mello 33-35). During the burning process of tobacco the tip of the burning cone (the center of the pipe, cigarette, and or cigar) reaches a temperature of nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit during a puff. This tiny blast furnace results in a miniature chemical plant, which uses the hundreds of available materials to produce many more. In fact, some of the most important part of tobacco smoke (including tar and carbon monoxide) are not even present in an unburned phase of a tobacco product, but rather are produced when a puff is taken (Mendelson and Mello 37-38). Other studies have shown that indoor environmental tobacco smoke changes the tobacco substance in the gas phase. As tobacco smoke is discharged into an indoor environment, diluted, re-circulated within and vented from the indoor environment, changes occur in both its chemical makeup phases. Making the gas phase substance more harmful than being in a outdoor environment (Ecobichon and Wu 3-4). Tobacco products produce two kinds of smoke, mainstream and sidestream. Mainstream smoke is the smoke that smokers inhale into their lungs. Sidestream smoke is the smoke that is exhaled by the smoker. The average smoker inhales ten two-second puffs of mainstream smoke from the tobacco product they are smoking. As the cigarette, pipe, or cigar sits it releases waves of sidestream smoke into the air. According to some scientists, sidestream smoke is even more dangerous than mainstream smoke. In a recent article produced by the Iowa Medical Society it states that sidestream smoke contains five times the carbon monoxide, three times the tar and nicotine, and up to fifty times the number of carcinogens found in mainstream smoke. A study reported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences confirms that second-hand smoke contains up to fifty times more carcinogens (Ling et al. 92). Carcinogens are described in the Webster's dictionary as being a substance that produces a malignant tumor, or cancer in a living cell (Landoll et al. 71). In today's society people are aware that tobacco smoke is unhealthy, but most choose not to become concerned with what this chemical does to their bodies. With the amount of smokers in today's society, Environmental Tobacco Smoke has diluted are air with thousands of chemicals that causes severe damage to both our inner and exterior body components. Doctor Ameron of Atlanta Georgia writes that six out of ten non-smokers will end up with reduced lung functioning and or upper or lower respiratory problems. According to Ameron, secondhand smoke is even more dangerous than mainstream smoke. He also states that breathing tobacco smoke can aggravate the condition of people with allergies or with lung, heart, or respiratory problems. Sufferers with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, for instance, are made extremely uncomfortable by severe air pollution. Yet the levels of carbon monoxide and other pollutants in smoke-filled rooms may be as high or higher than those that occur during air pollution emergencies (Berger 81-87). According to a Health Advocate Magazine, research from different physicians show that Environmental Tobacco Smoke can cause severe heart conditions, and assorted respiratory problems by being exposed to the smoke for a period of time. Even perfectly